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Red Wines
There are a countless number of red grape varieties in the world, some able
to make wine, others best suited for the Welch's factory. Right now, the world
wine market focuses on about 40 - 50 different red wine grape varieties, the
most widely recognized and used listed below.
What differentiates red wine from white is first, the skin color of the grape,
and second, the amount if time the grape juice has with its skins. After picking,
red grapes are put into tanks or barrels where they marinate with their skins
for a bit, absorbing the pigments and other aspects of the skin (think tannins).
This is how red wine gets its red color. The exact color, which can range
from light red to almost purple, depends on both the color of the particular
grape skin and the amount of time it sits with the skins. Remember, the inside
of almost all grapes is a light, golden color - it's the skins that have the
pigment. For example, much of Champagne is made from Pinot Noir and/or Pinot
Meunier, both red grapes. Yet because it spends so little time on its skins,
the color of the Champagne is often white.
The list below is roughly organized from lighter-bodied to fuller-bodied,
lower tannins to higher tannins and light color to deeper color - but note
that this is not an "always" list, just a general guideline. Remember, European
and old-world countries tend to label their wine by region, while new world
wine is most often labeled with grape variety.
Red Grapes and where they grow best:
Gamay
Beaujolais, France
Pinot Noir
Burgundy, France; California; Oregon; Champagne, France
Tempranillo
Spain
Sangiovese
Tuscany, Italy
Grenache/Garnacha
Rhone, France; Spain; Australia
Merlot
Bordeaux, France; California; Washington State, Chile
Zinfandel
California
Cabernet Sauvignon
Bordeaux, France; California; South America
Nebbiolo
Piedmont, Italy
Syrah/Shiraz
Rhone, France; Australia; South Africa; California; Washington State
Other popular red grapes and where they grow best:
Carmenere
Chile
Malbec
Argentina; France
Mourvedre
France; Australia; California
Petit Sirah
California
White Wines
White wine differs from red wine in, first and most obviously, color. Under
that skin, the pulpy part of a white grape is the same color as that of a
red grape. The skin dictates the end color for red wine, which differs from
the white's color determinates.
This is mainly due to the pressing of the grapes. When white grapes are picked,
they are immediately pressed and the juice is removed from the skins with
little contact.
Color in white wine does vary, often from the type of grape, occasionally
from the use of wood. Listed below are a few of the most common white varieties
in the world wine market and of wine.com. They are listed from lighter bodied,
and lighter colored, to fuller bodied with deeper colors. The list is not
set in stone - winemaker's decisions and climate may affect the end result
of a white wine's body and color - we just give you the guidelines.
White Grapes and where they grow best:
Champagne
Champagne, France
Pinot Grigio/Pinot Gris
Alsace, France; Italy; Oregon; California
Sauvignon Blanc
Loire, France; New Zealand; California; South Africa
Chenin Blanc
Loire, France; South Africa
Riesling
Germany; Alsace, France; Australia; New Zealand; Washington State; California
Chardonnay
Burgundy, France; Australia; California; South America; South Africa; Oregon
Viognier
Rhone, France; California
Other popular white grapes and where they grow best:
Albariño
Spain
Gewurztraminer
Alsace, France; Germany
Sémillon
Bordeaux, France; Australia
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